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Answers to 2003 Part A Q1 & Q2
#1
As said in last thread, I have been staying in this forum and discussing with you all for a long time. But not sure whether I have some improvement. So I have a new attempt on Year 2003's. Please comment freely so that I can see whether I have make clear of those issues discussed before or not. Thanks a lot.


Actually, I still have 2 things confused:
1 If the point is nominated only with letters, does it mean both ends of the point move separately? And if their names are XXA and XXB, they move simultaneously?
2 I still do not know which column to enter the swinging point...
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#2
(13-07-2010, 07:44 AM)greensky52 Wrote: I have a new attempt on Year 2003's. Please comment freely

Actually, I still have 2 things confused:
1 If the point is nominated only with letters, does it mean both ends of the point move separately? And if their names are XXA and XXB, they move simultaneously?
2 I still do not know which column to enter the swinging point...

It may be a few days before I get the time to comment in detail on the attempt, but regarding your doubts:

1. The point NUMBER is the interlocking entity and therefore is commanded to be set to a particular lie and then locked in that position. The LETTER suffix relate to the separate ends (almost always but not absolutely always) having a separate point machine to drive them. These are always commanded to move identically (although perhaps not always 100% simultaneously, but only staggered by a fraction of a second to avoid the simultaneous surge currents for the separate motors exactly coinciding for example). Obviously the separate ends may not achieve detection simultaneously (or indeed at all).
Hence at the route level of th Control Tables generally only concern ourselves with the number alone, but at the aspect level then need to consider all the separate ends and thus list the number with its letter suffixes

2. Depends what you mean.
Signal CT: Where there is a facing point as a hinge within a swinging overlap then the former standard NR Control Table had a specific "N or R" column- the meaning being "point detected either Normal or Reverse at the time of signal clearance, but signal aspect subsequently maintained off for a period of up to 8 seconds following the deliberate swinging of the overlap (by point key or forward route calling or flank route calling) in order to give the time needed for the new overlap to be established"
In practice I find the use of the separate "N", *N or R" and "R" columns quite cumbersome and confusing in anything other than the simplest swinging overlaps; hence I prefer (and the new standard reflects- not exactly a coincidence that!) just a list of points in a logical order, with each specified to be N or R respectively. Then an annotation such as a # note is needed to denote the "N or R or swinging...." functionality, but no specific column.

Point CT: The former standard NR Control Table had the swinging overlap controls listed to the right hand side of the sheet; it also listed at the bottom the "Time of Operation" locking applicable when facing points immediately beyond (say within 50m) signal; note that this one entry applies both for
a) N to R and also
b) R to N
which I feel is rather inconsistent with the other presentation of locking on that design of Control Table.

For the IRSE Exam I'd recommend NOT drawing all the specific columns on your blank, but just leave one wide column on the right hand side. Then for any point which actually needs the locking you can use the space as required to enter such locking. I would tend to divide horizontally into 3 portions, with the centre band being partially overlapping the N to R and partially the R to N portions of the rest of the table- hence the place to record the T of Op which applies both ways. The other area can be used for the "counter consitional" locking for swinging an existing overlap- you list the additional controls needed on the points in these circumstances and these fall into the three categories:
a) tracks that are in the new overlap but not in the exsting one and which do not dead lock the points anyway,
b) other points (generally beyond the facers being considered, but don't forget about flank as well) "set or available to move" into the lie needed for the new overlap, over and above those already needed in that same lie within the existing overlap,
c) opposing route locking normal for one of the pair of opposing sets of routes which would otherwise share an overlap when the points adopt their new lie but don't currently conflict with each other due to the existing point lie keeping these two overlaps parallel and separate.

A reminder not to worry about exactly HOW you show the locking- you do not need to use any specific format. Providing it s clear what you mean, then just record the locking in the manner most suitable to you. In exam conditions this may well not be 100% like anything that you have experienced in use on a particular railway.
PJW
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#3
(14-07-2010, 07:14 AM)PJW Wrote: It may be a few days before I get the time to comment in detail on the attempt....

Sorry it was longer than I said- partly because of attending to other posts, partly because I thought that others may have commented....

1. I think that the format works quite well and by restricting yourself to a couple of routes per sheet does give the space needed.
I really do prefer separation of the route and aspect levels rather than being intermixed and some columns such as ppoints effectively being in both, but this is one of the compromises forced by only having finite width of paper and using column presentation so if it works for you use this blank.
I suggest that you ougt to have a general notes sheet as well; for example you have only entered points number and if you mean this to mean that all separate ends are detected then you must record this somewhere; otherwise write in each end on each occasion.

2. Generally pretty reasonable- certainly legible, clear and neat. Entries fitted into the columns reasonably well

3. You didn't declare your standards- seems a bit of a mixture of vintages but I suppose Railtrack / Network Rail early 1990s on average. Certainly I realise that you chose not to give shunts overlaps (I think good decision) nor have overun detection.

4.Opposing route locking:
a) you show some fallaciously such as in 114C(M) after 307C(S) which is not required due to this route holding 215 Reverse until it has left the area of interest whereas 114C(M) requires 215 free to go Normal, so the points give sufficient locking.
b) whereas you showed 114C(M) and 114C(C ) correctly, for some reason you got 114D(M) wrong as you claimed that the route would set after the train using the opposing call-on route had timed to a stand. Since the main aspect requires the track clear, the route locking should prevent the route from setting where there is an opposing train even after it has become stationary.
c) On 133C(M) CT you showed opposing locking from 136; this is not a signal having a route (it is a distant signal) and therefore cannot apply route locking. You were however perfectly correct in that 138/142 read up to 134 and so the area of railway is covered by their locking
d)Your CT for 301B(S) demonstrated what I suspected from some others as well. Leaving aside the fact you overlooked the opposing from 302 signal, you showed the locking time off after 114D© but not after 114D(M)- these must be the same.
The signal which we are trying to set and clear aspect is 301. [#1] You have actually chosen to dictate that this proves tracks clear in the aspect BA and BC. This is potentially feasible (but would not have been my choice) and in that case the opposing locking from either route from 114 should NOT time; there is no value since the aspect will not clear and allowing the route to set would mislead the signaller.
[#2] I think that 301B(S) aspect should only prove CD, BH, AH so that it can be used to join trains together (the local passenger are only 100m long and there is 300m of standage). Hence the opposing locking should time off once the up direction move has been timed to a stand. It does not matter whether the stationary train originally came in on a main or a PL move- that is just irrelevant history now. It is the class of route being set and in particular whether the aspect proves those tracks clear which dicatates whether or not a time off is needed, not the class of the opposing one used previously
Also it is important where you place the brackets; by definition the timeout will almost certainly already have occurred before the call-on class route is even set so must not bridge out too much of the opposing locking or else it will not exist at all.
Therefore write: CK CJ [BC, BA ---- or (BC or BA) occ for 30]
which ensures that until CJ is cleared by the incoming call-on then the shunt cannot be set in the opposite direction.
[Some computer based interlocking technologies actually reset the timer to zero when the call-on is set aand don't let it start again until the route locking prior has normalised, but this is not a general practice.]


5. Approach Control
You made the M,W and C routes all the same by stating CM occ for 50s. Did you initially check the route box entries. These say that the M is not approach released, that the W is released on CM occ and the S required CMQ being the treadle.
I would recommend that you always consider what you are told but also relate this to the signalling practices with which familiar and should there be a discrepency between them then follow the practice that you have declared but add a norte where needing to departing from the layout info or route box info etc because of that.
To NR practice it is usual for the diverging route to be approach released but not when the speeds are no more than 10mph different. The plan does not state the speed through the pointwork but we do know that the speed through the station is 50km/h and hence reasonable to assume that this means all lines and pointwork (I doubt whether the single and double slips are that fast, but thereagain these are only for shunt routes). Hence I am prepeared to accept that 114C(M) needs no approach release and would follow the route box, having statedthe assumption.
However I don't accept that the W should releas purely on CM since it would seem to be 800m long. Actually it is rather long to time on at all and I might state this, but your value of 50s is certainly far better than what the route box suggested.
I'd also actually agree with you that the A/R for the C would not be very different from the W wth a ROL of 55m, but since the route box explicitly stated CMQ then I would follow the use of the treadle. Actually I would record as:
[(CMQ operated)$10 w CM occ] where $10 = non-replacing in order to respect my practices whilst still following the suggestion within the route box.
If your practices do not utilise treadles then you need to say so, or else the examiner will think you have simply failed to follow information presented to you.

6. Mind your ANDs and ORs
Be careful re your entries- generaly the logical relationship is AND which can simply be epresented by a dot between entries, but where the relationship is OR then you almost always (unless implicit in the column heading) need to write that in.
For 114C(C ) for example your entry says that the proceed aspect demands CH.CG occupied- you should have written CH or CG.
Similarly for 133A(S) the replacement column states EB.EC clear after EB.EC occ and in that case the signal will remain off until BOTH the berth and first track are simultaneously clear. That s not what is wanted; you need to write the "or".
I know presentations vary, but to me you should also relate this column with th tracks clear column- how many of these tracks are non-replacing until the separate replacement condition becomes satisfied?

7. Flank
This was pretty good but you need to think about 211 and be consistent for 114C M/W/C. Obviously 212C is required Normal being in route and this automatically provides flank via 212A and 212B. There is no reason why 211 should not be Reverse to allow a train from Platform 4 to access locomotive siding- 212B is giving the protection and there is no "sneak path" bypassing 212A due to the way that this double slip has been numbered.
Similarly 114D needs the protection and thus must set, lock and (generally) detect 212N even though not in line of route
Having now looked at your points CT, I find that you have not been consistent between the route & aspect CTs checking the points for availability and subsequently detecting them compared with the entries on the points CTs re the same routes setting and subsequently locking. You will generally find in the exam that you are asked to write CTs for elements which do interlock each other- put some effort into ensuring that the "different sides of the coin" tell the same story!

8. Aspect Sequence
I think you fell down a bit of a trap in that 114 is a 3 aspect signal but reads up to 108 / 110 which are 4 aspect signals; do keep your wits about you and not run on auto-pilot.

9. 133A(S)- some specifics
I think you got a bit confused re 107E(M); firstly you have stated this is preset and secondly you have listed in the route normal column. I noticed that you showed GK/RT0044 locking between the 110 and the call-on route reading up to it earlier, so perhaps this is what you were intending here. If that is what you intended then 133A(S) would require route locking tracks BH, AH, CF, DA, DB clear after 107E(C ) but there would be no locking related to 107E(M)
133A(S) would be "when cleared" as the route is approach released; don't condfuse shunt class routes from main signals with shunt signals- there are some subtle differences.

10. 133C(M)- some specifics
Note that the route exit is 137 but th aspect sequence is taken from 135; both 135 and 137 need to be proved alight.
There is no need for approach control; this is it's one main route- check the route box.
For consistency with other examples of where you have shown GK/RT0044 locking then should have entry:
BH, AH, CF, DA, DB after 107E(C ) {somewhat simplified but god enough for IRSE Exam in my view}

11. 301B(S)- some specifics
To modern standards wouldn't have approach control; certainly be consistent because if you demand CB occ to clear the signal then it is rediculous to but CB as required lear in the comprehensive A/L release as it can never be satisfied. This is rather a giveaway that you are learning to fill in boxes on the form , without truly seeing the significance and the examiners will notice this.

12. Swinging Overlaps
You did the simpler one beyond 108 ok but rather inconsistently you seemed to suggest that there was not a swinging overlap beyond 110. Whereas one could claim that practices do not include swinging overlaps, rather hard to make the argument for one and then not for the other- does just look as if you chickened out as it was a bit harder!
I looked at 114C(M) first and was prepared to accept that you only provided the one overlap when looking at the points, yet I then see some nonsense in the track column. You have written some tracks here but conditioned on point lie as if there were a swinging overlap afterall; but taking the two columns together makes no sense.
You have written {[(AH, BH) or 204N], 204N} and this simply logically equates to 204N.
Whilst I am quite impressed with your Control Table entries generally, this pair of entries tells me that you can't really be understanding the significance here, because if you did you just couldn't have written them like that.
Please be sure to ASK if you don't understand any comment; you need to understand WHY just as much as WHAT entry to make where

I haen't looked at everything and I will come back to review your points, but hopefully the above has given you some pointers. Also compare against
this other attempt posted or
this one or
this one
and the comments made on each.
PJW
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#4
(22-07-2010, 09:22 PM)PJW Wrote: I will come back to review your points,

This CT was good and I have only a few comments.

Depending on the version of the IRSE layout you are using (there are two subtly different ones, not sure which actually used in the real exam!), one of them has the IRJ between 211A and 211B missing which may have confused.

I would not have had EC locking 212 from R to N
I would have made the locking of 212 from N to R include (EC or 211N)

You wrote 113B(S)- there is only one route which is 113(S) or 113A(S) depending on the convention you care to adopt.

You missed 305B(S) and 133B(S) both of which need to set 212N and then lock from N to R.

You included 134A(M/W/C) and 107E(M); I don't think I would. Ask yourself: if train routed up to 133, why shouldn't 305A(S) be set or alternatively 307A(S) be set?- so perhaps 212 should be left free. 107E(M) does need trapping from the loco siding but 211B provides that and (even though it is itself passenger railway so not actually needed) 211C prevents anything coming across the diamond of the double slip. Similarly with 134A set, 211 provides all the trapping needed and for maximum layout flexbility best to leave 212 free of locking.

Route locking after 114D(M/C) should be just CK, not CJ as well

Route locking after 118A(M) doesn't need CJ since that is dead-locking track anyway. Also (depending on precise implementation) CM occupied foor time would only bypass locking on CM rather than CN and CM so I wouldhave repositioned the opening square bracket, making the entry:
118A(M)- CK, CN [CM ---------or CM occ --- for 60]
Similarly for 107B(M)
PJW
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#5
(23-07-2010, 09:05 PM)PJW Wrote: [quote='PJW' pid='1808' dateline='1279830154']
I will come back to review your points,

Again this CT was pretty similar.

You have missed shunt signals 302A(S) and 304A(S); yes you should always refer to the route boxes where signals have them, but do not ignore signals without them- generally signals only having one route aren't given them.

For the points in the overlap, the bracket should denote the extent of the route locking which is not demanded clear when the exit berth track(s) have been occupied for long enough to time train to a stand; you however place the bracket to include all tracks back to the the entrance signal.

You have stated that 114C(M) calls 201N; I remember from your route CT that you were not permitting a swinging overlap so this is ok; otherwise it would have had to be:
[114C(M) w 204N]

You have also stated that 114D(M) calls 201N, but actually there is an overlap shown over both lies and indeed your Route and Aspect CTs did reflect this, so you must be consistent here.
Indeed in order to direct an overrun onto the correct direction running line, the preferable lie for 201 would be Reverse. so a "soft call" would be appropriate- i.e. if the points are free 114D(M) would set Reverse but not lock them, thus getting the advantage of having then Reverse whenever possible yet not constraining layout flexibility when it is really needed.

As far as the locking is concerned you have shown these routes both locking the points both ways.
114C(M) should lock 201 from N to R; if you were permitting a swinging overlap, then the entry would be:
[114C(M) unless 204R] ----CF, CE CK, CJ [CH, CG--or (CH or CH) occ for 30]
Note that the overlap is not via AH, BH so these are not listed; CD is a deadlocking track so is not needed here.

There would be a counter-condition to satisfy before the overlap can be swung- however that would appear on 204's CT.

If we now assume the overlap beyond 110 is over 204R, 201 is no longer a trailing point but a 2nd set of facing points and is not locked.

Similarly for 114D(M) 201 are facing points in the overlap and there is no associated locking.
PJW
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#6
Referring to
"3.You didn't declare your standards- seems a bit of a mixture of vintages but I suppose Railtrack / Network Rail early 1990s on average. Certainly I realise that you chose not to give shunts overlaps (I think good decision) nor have overun detection."
So could I use NR standard? The difficulty is I have never seen these standard, how could I know which one I am using.

Referring to 4.Opposing route locking:
There are no control box of sig307, so how could I know how many routes it have? I supposed it has 2 routes, one is 307A(S), from 307 to Down Main, another is 307B(S), from 307 to Up Main. And I think 307B(S) is opposing to 114C(M). An I wrong again? I admitted that I could not understand your explanation very well.....

Referring to 4b) I did not understand your meaning...could you kindly please explain it again?

Referring to 9
"133A(S) would be "when cleared" as the route is approach released; don't condfuse shunt class routes from main signals with shunt signals- there are some subtle differences."
why? I have checked Braitish Railway Control Table, and saw it says"For a subsidiary siganl, the appraoch locking controls and time are the same as for its assocoated main signal". Is it what you means?

It is truely that I can not get your points sometimes....for Eng is my mother tongue. I will try to communicate with you whenever I have difficulties. And thank you for your detailed explanation again and again......... I usually felt moved when I saw long pages of your detailed explanation. Thanks again.

[/quote]

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#7
(05-09-2010, 01:12 PM)greensky52 Wrote: Referring to
"3.You didn't declare your standards"
So could I use NR standard? The difficulty is I have never seen these standard, how could I know which one I am using.
I do understand difficulty. IRSE would say "You are a signal engineer- just follow the standards to which you normally work. You must know these; we will undertake to mark you according to them- this is IRSE examiner problem, not yours".
However I agree that there are many signal engineers (including in the UK) who don't "signal the layout" or "do Control Tables" in their job; sometimes not even in their company. This creates difficulty and hence this is why most people adopt NR standards; however these are one railway company's standards and are not readily available; many of us have access to them but they are not ours to distribute. However of you look at most of the discussion / examples on this website then tend to average to the early 2000's NR practice; sorry but it is the best I can do.
I think that some in IRSE exam committee are beginning to think upon this issue and whether there should be any greater amount of standarisation of practice and Control table presentation to suggest that candidates follow as a default in the exam if they are otherwise unclear......


Quote:Referring to 4.Opposing route locking:
There are no control box of sig307, so how could I know how many routes it have? I supposed it has 2 routes, one is 307A(S), from 307 to Down Main, another is 307B(S), from 307 to Up Main. And I think 307B(S) is opposing to 114C(M). An I wrong again? I admitted that I could not understand your explanation very well.....

My logic process goes like this:
1. No route table provided; therefore probably only one route (as there is obviously felt there is no need to define).

2. As a cross-check, what destinations could it have?
a) to Down Main: yes it would read to 115
b) to Up Main: no it can't (as there is no exit signal or LOS to which it could read).
Therefore definitely only one route.

Quote:Referring to 4b) I did not understand your meaning...could you kindly please explain it again?
"whereas you showed 114C(M) and 114C(C ) correctly, for some reason you got 114D(M) wrong as you claimed that the route would set after the train using the opposing call-on route had timed to a stand. Since the main aspect requires the track clear, the route locking should prevent the route from setting where there is an opposing train even after it has become stationary"

114C(M) and 114C(C ) are correct.
114D(M) should be similar to 114C(M); it therefore confuses me why you got that one wrong.

A Main (or indeed Warning) route should always prove that there is no train facing in the opposite direction, even a stationary opposing move should prevent the route from setting. There is no value in letting the route set, since the aspect requires that track clear then the aspect would stay at danger indefinitely (and signaller could be confused because the route setting suggests that the signal will eventally clear which is untrue).

A Call-on (or indeed permissive shunt) route should prove that there is no train still moving in the opposite direction; however if the that train has occupied a track for long enough that we can be certain that it is at a stand, then the other route can set. Since the aspect does NOT require that track circuit to be unoccupied, it would be able to clear with the train stopped (perhaps in a platform). Therefore it should be obvious that we do need to have permitted the route itself to be set in such a scenario.

Hence the CT for a (M) or (W) route would not [#] have a "or track occupied for time entry", but the CT for a (C ) or (S) route would have such an entry.

Note [#]:
The only time that the CT for a (M) or (W) route would have a "or track occupied for time entry" is when the opposing OVERLAP opposes but the opposing route ITSELF does not oppose. Once the first train has been stopped then its overlap can be reallocated for the opposite direction movement.

Quote:Referring to 9
"133A(S) would be "when cleared" as the route is approach released; don't confuse shunt class routes from main signals with shunt signals- there are some subtle differences."
why? I have checked British Railway Control Table, and saw it says "For a subsidiary signal, the approach locking controls and time are the same as for its assocoated main signal". Is it what you mean?

Partly.
A PL that is supplementary to a main signal (probably a R/Y/G or R/Y/YY/G but could actually be any signal having at least a Red) is slightly different from an independent shunt signal (generally a GPL).
A PL supplementary to a main signal could be for a call-on move (permissive passenger) and / or a shunting move; the GPL is only for a shunting move.
Whereas a subsidiary PL would always be approach released, the GPL would not be, since there would be no running move up to it; any train travelling towards it must already be shunting and thus under 15mph.
Comprehensive approach locking for a main running signal can be complex and therefore expensive; hence we only provide if particularly valuable to have facility.
For a GPL we only need one track of minimum distance 50m; therefore always simple and given this then we almost always provide. Therefore GPLs are only "when cleared" if they do not have a suitable berth track circuit.
A PL associated with a main signal will always be approach released; hence by definition there must be a train on the berth track and hence it would be stupid to provide comprehensive approach locking (as we already know that the condition could not be satisfied)!

The quote you have found relates to RRI.
A GPL approach locking timer would normally be 30 seconds; there would be one timer for all routes from the signal. Whereas a subsidiary PL could safely have an approach locking timer of 30s (and to more modern practice with electronic interlockings would be 30sec), it is not economic in relay terms to provide a separate timer just for the (S) routes from the signal; therefore whatever timer is already provided for the main signal (say 120, 180s or 240s) would be utilised for the (S) route. Purely an econmoy measure.

Quote:It is truely that I can not get your points sometimes....for Eng is my mother tongue. I will try to communicate with you whenever I have difficulties. And thank you for your detailed explanation again and again......... I usually felt moved when I saw long pages of your detailed explanation. Thanks again.

I know it is difficult. It is often hard to express in terms that are simple enough to understand easily without being possibly misleading.
I think you meant that English is not your mother tongue; I can understand that long amounts of text can be hard. However being too brief and using abbrieviations also may be difficult and therefore more text perhaps helps.
Also you raise some interesting points and my explanation is not just for you but also for others who do have English as their native language, so there must be compromise between different needs of users.
As long as you don't feel too daunted, that is OK

PJW
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#8
With your detailed statement, much more easier to read, I understand the following issues, many thanks~~~
I shall read other people's work later and check if I am really understand these.


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